Jing’an Temple (静安寺), located in the Jing’an District of Shanghai, traces its origins back to the Sun Wu period of the Three Kingdoms in 247 AD, initially named the Hudu Chongxuan Temple. In the first year of the Xiangfu era during the Song Dynasty (1008 AD), it was renamed Jing’an Temple. In the ninth year of the Jiading era in the Southern Song Dynasty (1216 AD), the temple was relocated from the banks of the Wusong River to its present location, predating the establishment of the city of Shanghai.
Covering a total area of 22,000 square meters, Jing’an Temple follows a layout with the main structures arranged in the front, followed by a pagoda at the rear section. The primary buildings include the Mahavira Hall, Hall of Heavenly Kings, and the Three Saints Hall. This temple stands as Shanghai’s oldest Buddhist temple, surrounded by towering modern structures, creating a stark contrast with the serene and contemplative ambiance of the temple grounds.
The architectural style of Jing’an Temple blends elements of Tibetan-style temples, and within the Mahavira Hall, a silver Buddha weighing 15 tons is enshrined. Additionally, the jade Buddha in the Muni Hall is even larger than the one housed in Shanghai’s renowned Jade Buddha Temple. Jing’an Temple not only serves as a religious and cultural landmark but also as a testament to the city’s rich historical tapestry.
Table of Contents
- Basic Informaiton
- Location and Transportation
- Highlights of JIngan Temple
- Vlog about Jing’an Temple
- Photography Spots and Tips
- History of Jing’an Temple
- Useful Tips Summarized from Reviews
- Other Temples in Shanghai
Basic Informaiton
| Website | https://www.shjas.net/ |
| Opening Hours | 7.30 – 17.00 |
| Ticket Price | 50 RMB; No discout for children, students, or senior citizens |
| Estimated Length of Tour | 1 – 3 hours |
Location and Transportation
Jing’an Temple is situated in the heart of the city and is surrounded by a bustling commercial district (Huaihai Road) with numerous high-end shopping malls, restaurants, and hotels. The specific address is No. 1686, West Nanjing Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai. It is also near the Jing’an Villas, a prestigious residential community. To get there, you can choose the following ways:
Bus: Take bus 15, 20, 37, 40, 45, 57, 76, 93, 94, 113, 315, 321, 323, 327, 330, 824, 830, 838, or 927, get off at Jing’an Temple (静安寺), walk about 50 meters to the south to reach the entrance.
Metro: Take metro 2, 7, or 14, get off at Jing’an Temple station, get out of the station from Exit 1, and you will be standing right at the entrance.
Self-Drive: Jing’an Temple does not have its own parking lot, but you can park your car in the shopping malls nearby, and then walk there.
Highlights of JIngan Temple
Jing’an Treasure Pagoda
The Jing’an Treasure Pagoda is a 7-tiered square-shaped structure, occupying an area of 85 square meters within Jing’an Temple. At its pinnacle, a large central stupa is surrounded by four smaller stupas in the Tibetan architectural style. The pagoda houses 868 Buddha statues and numerous treasures associated with Tibetan Buddhism. However, access to the interior is typically restricted, only allowing visitors to appreciate its intricate design from the outside. Originally rooted in Han Buddhism, Jing’an Temple, under the guidance of Abbot Chisong, gradually incorporated elements of Tibetan Buddhism, resulting in a harmonious blend of Han and Tibetan architectural styles.
Maahavira Hall and Buddha Statues
The Mahavira Hall in Jing’an Temple stands at an impressive height of 26 meters, adorned with 46 meticulously crafted teakwood pillars, each with a diameter ranging from 0.72 to 0.8 meters. The hall houses a monumental 15-ton silver statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, a masterpiece of devotion and artistry. Adjacent to the Mahavira Hall, the Guanyin Hall on the right features a 6.2-meter single-wood Guanyin statue carved from millennium-old fragrant camphor wood.
On the left, within the Muni Hall, rests an 11-ton, 3.87-meter tall seated Shakyamuni Buddha carved from a single block of Burmese white jade. This jade Buddha surpasses the renowned “treasure of the temple” in the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai, and its installation required dismantling part of the temple’s entrance due to its size. The newly constructed Fu Hui Bao Ding, a bronze-cast treasure vessel weighing 15.5 tons and standing at 10.23 meters, graces the central square. It is mounted on a 36-ton pedestal intricately carved from a single piece of millennia-old green stone.
Bell Tower
The Bell Tower at Jing’an Temple houses the Peace Bell on its second floor, a majestic creation standing 3.3 meters tall, with a diameter of 2.1 meters and a weight of 7.3 tons. This bell, cast with bronze, emits a resonant and enduring sound, echoing through the temple grounds. The lower level of the tower features the restoration of “Yongquan,” known as the “Sixth Spring under Heaven,” one of the “Eight Scenic Spots of Jing’an.” This spring, merging with water from a newly dug 156-meter-deep well, forms a fascinating spectacle. The well, measuring 6 meters deep, has a hexagonal-shaped opening crafted from a single piece of processed Jinshan stone.
Festivals
Jing’an Temple celebrates several festivals throughout the year, offering visitors a chance to experience Chinese culture and customs. One of the most important festivals is the Chinese New Year, which takes place in January or February and features colorful decorations, dragon and lion dances, and fireworks. The Lantern Festival, held on the 15th day of the first lunar month, is another important festival that features lantern displays and the eating of tangyuan (sweet glutinous rice balls). The Buddha’s Birthday, also known as the Bathing Buddha Festival, is held in April or May and involves bathing Buddha statues and performing other rituals to honor the Buddha’s life and teachings.
Vlog about Jing’an Temple
Photography Spots and Tips
1. Skybridge on the South Side of Jing’an Temple:
This is arguably the most classic photography spot with no obstructions. You can capture stunning shots from daytime to nighttime. The distant Jing’an Temple contrasts beautifully with the bustling traffic in the foreground, creating a dynamic blend of history and modernity. It is also ideal for capturing time-lapse shots of the flowing traffic, showcasing the busy scene.
2. Fountain Pool at Metro Line 14 Exit:
The fountain pool at the International Plaza in Huidefeng Square can reflect the Jing’an Temple. However, it has some drawbacks: streetlights, utility poles, and pedestrians can clutter the view. The zebra crossing next to the fountain pool is perfect for wide-angle shots of the temple.
3. Opposite the Huidefeng Square Fountain Pool:
There is a metro entrance across the street where you can capture close-up shots of Jing’an Temple effectively.
Tips:
- Lighting Times: The temple is illuminated only on Fridays and Saturdays. Make sure to visit on these days to avoid missing out.
- Best Time to Shoot: It’s recommended to photograph during the blue hour just after sunset. In summer, this is typically around 7-8 PM.
- Additional Advice: When photographing from the skybridge, bringing a tripod for time-lapse shots is highly recommended. You’ll regret not having one if you don’t!
History of Jing’an Temple
Origins and Early History
Jing’an Temple, one of Shanghai’s most renowned Buddhist temples, traces its origins back to the Three Kingdoms period. According to tradition, it was established in 247 AD during the reign of Sun Quan, the Emperor of Wu. The temple was initially named Huduchongyuan (or Xuanyuan) Temple and was situated on the northern bank of the Wusong River, now known as the Suzhou Creek.
During the Tang Dynasty, the temple was renamed Yongtai Chan Temple. This change marked a period of growth and development, reflecting the temple’s evolving role within the local community.
Name Changes and Relocation
In the Northern Song Dynasty, specifically in the first year of the Dazhong Xiangfu era (1008 AD), the temple was officially renamed Jing’an Temple. This new name was meant to symbolize peace and stability, aligning with the temple’s spiritual mission.
By the Southern Song Dynasty, around 1216 AD, the temple faced significant challenges due to its proximity to the riverbank, which threatened its structural integrity. The abbot, Zhong Yi, decided to relocate the temple to the banks of the Lupu Fenjing, the current site of Jing’an Temple. This move helped preserve the temple and allowed it to expand in its new location.
Architectural and Cultural Significance
Jing’an Temple grew significantly in size and importance over the centuries. By the Yuan Dynasty, it had become a grand and prominent temple complex. Notable features of the temple included several significant landmarks:
- The Chiwu Monument: Erected during the Three Kingdoms period, this monument is a historical relic commemorating the temple’s early history.
- The Chen Dynasty Cypress: A cypress tree planted during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, symbolizing the temple’s ancient heritage.
- The Shrimp Pond: Associated with the revered monk Zhi Yan, this pond is famous for its unique historical background.
- The Lecture Platform: Constructed by Zhong Yi in the Southern Song Dynasty, this platform was used for religious teachings and discussions.
- The Bubbling Spring: Located in the Fenjing, this spring is known for its distinctive bubbling waters.
- Green Cloud Cave: Built by the poet-monk Shouning, this cave was used for meditation and reflection.
- The Luzi Ferry: An ancient ferry crossing the Wusong River, used by travelers and pilgrims.
- The Huducheng: A defensive structure from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, designed to protect against maritime threats.
Throughout the Ming Dynasty, particularly in the Hongwu era (1369), the temple commissioned a large bronze bell weighing six thousand pounds. Inscribed with “Cast in the Second Year of Hongwu, Blessings for the Crown Prince,” this bell became a symbol of the temple’s enduring legacy.
Destruction and Restoration
The Qing Dynasty saw various phases of destruction and restoration. In 1741, during the Qianlong reign, the Vice Minister of Rites, Mai Huan, funded significant renovations to the main hall. In 1778, a donation from Sun Siwang from She County further contributed to the temple’s restoration.
The temple suffered severe damage during the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century. In 1862, it was heavily damaged by the conflict, leaving only the main hall intact. The temple faced additional destruction during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods. By the early Guangxu era, the main hall had collapsed.
In 1880, under the leadership of Master He Feng, the temple was rebuilt, and the new temple was completed by April of the following year. This reconstruction marked the beginning of an annual temple fair that became a significant cultural event.
Early 20th Century Developments
In 1912, the establishment of the China Buddhist Association marked a new era for Jing’an Temple. Located within the temple, this national Buddhist organization was led by the renowned patriotic monk Jizhan (also known as Ba Zi Tou Tuo). Jizhan’s efforts to protect temple assets led him to Beijing for petitions, but he sadly passed away at the Fayuan Temple in Beijing.
In March 1913, the China Buddhist Association held its first national congress at Jing’an Temple, electing prominent figures like Ye Kai and Xiong Xiling as leaders. The temple’s influence grew further when Jing’an Temple Road (now Nanjing West Road) was established in 1919 as part of the urban expansion.
In 1920, the temple’s layout was expanded with the addition of the San Sheng Hall, which formed the core structure of the temple complex.
Post-War and Modern Developments
After World War II, under the guidance of Abbot De Wu and the supervisor Mi Jia, a new Tang-style mountain gate was constructed east of the original gate. This new gate was adorned with an ancient Indian Ashoka-style stupa, becoming a prominent feature of Jing’an Temple.
In the early 1940s, the temple supported the establishment of Jing’an Primary School and a rural experimental school in Nanxiang, funding both institutions.
In 1947, Abbot De Wu and Mi Jia proposed a transition from hereditary monastic leadership to a democratic selection system for the temple’s administration. This change was implemented in 1948, with Master Shi Song being elected as the first abbot under the new system.
In 1948, the temple also founded a Buddhist clinic to provide medical services to the public, with Master Shi Song serving as the director.
Post-Revolutionary Restoration
After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Jing’an Temple underwent significant repairs funded by the Shanghai Municipal Government. The temple was designated as a municipal cultural relic protection unit, receiving two rounds of funding in 1951 and 1954 for restoration.
In 1953, Master Shi Song revived the ancient True Word (Esoteric) Buddhism platform, a practice that had been lost since the Tang Dynasty. The platform’s consecration ceremony was held on May 20, 1953, marking a significant milestone for the temple.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), Jing’an Temple suffered severe damage. The abbot was persecuted, and all Buddhist images and artifacts were destroyed. The temple was repurposed as a factory, and the Great Hall was destroyed by fire in 1972.
Following the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, religious policies gradually relaxed. In 1983, Jing’an Temple was listed as a key Buddhist temple in Han Chinese areas by the State Council.
In 1984, the Shanghai Buddhist Association established a restoration committee to oversee the temple’s repairs. Funded by the government and local donors, the restoration project was completed by 1990, restoring the temple to its former glory.
Recent Developments
In 1988, a new Great Hall was constructed, with the calligraphy for its inscription provided by Zhao Puchu. The temple continued to expand, with the addition of a three-story monk’s quarters and a new visitor center completed in 1994.
In 1996, a new temple management committee was established under the leadership of Master De Wu. In 1998, the temple underwent further renovations to accommodate the construction of the Shanghai Metro Line 2 station.
On December 19, 2009, Jing’an Temple introduced a 15-ton silver statue of the Buddha, enhancing its cultural and spiritual significance. The Great Hall was adorned with additional silver statues of Bodhisattvas and disciples.
Useful Tips Summarized from Reviews
Understanding the Temple’s Background: Jing’an Temple is the only Tibetan Buddhist monastery in the center of Shanghai. It’s essential to understand the difference between Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or Tantric Buddhism) and Mahayana Buddhism. Vajrayana focuses on instantaneous enlightenment, where one can achieve Buddhahood in this lifetime through profound understanding, while Mahayana Buddhism focuses on enlightenment in future lifetimes.
Subway Line History: Legend has it that Shanghai Metro Line 2 was initially planned to pass beneath the temple. However, during construction, workers discovered an ancient spring beneath the temple with scriptures inscribed on its guardrails. Some believe that this underground spring is connected to the underworld and requires a tantric temple to suppress demonic forces. Consequently, the subway route was diverted around the temple.
Luggage Storage: If you need to store your belongings while visiting the temple, there’s a luggage storage facility inside Jing’an Temple Metro Station, accessible from Exit 1. Operating hours are from 9:30 AM to 9:30 PM. Prices start at 10 yuan per item per day for backpacks or handbags and 20 yuan per item per day for suitcases.
Dealing with Fortune Tellers: Be prepared to encounter individuals offering to read your fortune outside the Jing’an Temple Metro Station exit. Simply ignore them.
Photography Spots: Opposite Jing’an Temple, you’ll find a pedestrian overpass where you can capture panoramic views of the temple. The night view is especially stunning, but note that the temple is only illuminated on Fridays and Saturdays. Additionally, the water pond outside Huaihai Middle Road at the entrance of Huaihai International Plaza offers a picturesque reflection of the temple.
