Emperor Qianlong was a Chinese emperor who ruled during the Qing Dynasty from 1735 to 1796. He was particularly fond of the Old Summer Palace, also known as the Yuanmingyuan, in the northwest Beijing suburbs. The palace was built during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi, but it was Emperor Qianlong who expanded and adorned it with numerous art pieces and gardens, making it one of the most magnificent imperial palaces in China.
Emperor Qianlong spent a significant amount of time at the Old Summer Palace, using it as a place for relaxation, cultural pursuits, and political activities. He also received important foreign dignitaries and envoys there, showcasing the grandeur and power of the Qing Dynasty. The palace was not only a residence but also an embodiment of the emperor’s vision of a perfect realm.
The Old Summer Palace was a vast complex, consisting of numerous buildings, gardens, and lakes. It was famous for its unique blend of Chinese and Western architectural styles and the richness and diversity of its cultural artifacts, such as rare books, paintings, and sculptures. Emperor Qianlong was particularly interested in collecting these works and commissioned many new pieces for the palace.
However, the relationship between Emperor Qianlong and the Old Summer Palace was also marked by tragedy. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, British and French troops looted and destroyed the palace, causing irreparable damage to its buildings, artworks, and gardens. The event was a severe blow to the pride and dignity of the Qing Dynasty and the Chinese people, who regarded the palace as a symbol of their civilization and cultural heritage.
Today, the ruins of the Old Summer Palace serve as a reminder of the complex relationship between China and its imperial past, highlighting both the achievements and the challenges that the country has faced throughout its history.
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