The Lushan Old Villa Complex (庐山老别墅群), located on Mount Lu in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, is a celebrated historical site known for its diverse and expansive collection of villas. This unique villa complex primarily extends through the East Valley, while the West Valley serves as the hub of entertainment and activity. Guling Street, the most vibrant area in the West Valley, meanders gently from east to west along the mountain’s western slope, showcasing the historical charm of the area.
The origins of the villa complex date back to 1895 when British missionary Charles Lee rented 800 acres of land in Guling for summer retreats, paying 200 taels of silver. This marked the beginning of what would become one of the most distinguished villa clusters in China. Over time, the Lushan Old Villa Complex has grown to encompass a total of 636 villas with a combined area of 174,653.57 square meters. The architectural styles are remarkably varied, reflecting international influences and cultural diversity. The collection includes 259 Chinese-style villas, 185 American-style villas, 125 British-style villas, 17 German-style villas, 12 Swedish-style villas, 11 Japanese-style villas, 7 French-style villas, 3 Finnish-style villas, 3 Norwegian-style villas, as well as villas in Danish, Canadian, Russian, Portuguese, Australian, Swiss, and international styles that blend multiple architectural traditions.
Among these villas, over 300 are notable for their association with famous historical figures, adding a layer of cultural significance to the complex. This rich array of architectural styles and historical connections has earned the Lushan Old Villa Complex the title of a “World Museum of Villa Architecture.”
One of the most remarkable villas in the complex is an American-style villa with a substantial land area of over 5,500 square meters and a building area of more than 800 square meters, making it the largest of its kind from the Republic of China era. The villa has a storied past, having hosted prominent figures such as Chiang Kai-shek and his wife, He Yingqin. On June 9, 1932, Xiong Shihui, the villa’s owner, held a grand banquet for these notable guests. The villa’s luxurious furnishings, including distinctive purple copper lights shaped like deer heads, left a lasting impression on visitors. The lights, with their unique flame-shaped red bulbs, were a testament to the opulence and elegance of the era, and even the most seasoned guests were struck by their beauty.
The Lushan Old Villa Complex stands as a testament to architectural diversity and historical grandeur, offering a glimpse into the past through its preserved villas and their stories. It remains a cherished site for both its historical significance and its role in showcasing a broad spectrum of architectural styles and cultural influences.
