Hulunbuir Ancient City (呼伦贝尔古城), originally built in 1734, stands as a testament to China’s long history of border defense and commercial prosperity. After centuries of history, the ancient city was restored on May 6, 2008, covering an area of 70,000 square meters. The restored Hulunbuir Ancient City features various architectural elements, including the North Gate, Central Gate, and the “Eight Great Commercial Firms.” Other significant structures such as the Vice-Dutong Yamen (Vice Commander’s Office), hollowed-out ornamental designs, and life-sized statues bring the Qing Dynasty era vividly back to life.
During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese government established the city as a strategic fortress to defend the northern border demarcated by the Erguna River, following the Treaty of Nerchinsk. Over its 273-year history, the city played a crucial role in safeguarding China’s border. As its political and military significance grew, Hulunbuir naturally developed into a commercial and transportation hub. By the Qianlong period, merchants from Shanxi, Hebei, and Shandong traveled vast distances to invest in land, build homes, and establish businesses. Among these were prominent firms like “Great Wall” and “Lung Tai,” which became part of the city’s famed “Eight Great Commercial Houses.”
Hulunbuir’s strategic location allowed it to become a powerful economic and cultural force in the region. Trade routes connected it to Qiqihar in the south, Gubeikou and Zhangjiakou in the west, and even extended north to places like Heishantou and Ulaanbaatar. Gradually, postal stations were established along these routes, enhancing the city’s accessibility. One of the most notable outcomes of Hulunbuir’s prominence was the formation of the Ganjuur Temple Fair, a grand annual event that highlighted the city’s significance on the steppe.
The city also played a vital role in regional military history, with two satellite military settlements – Xitun (destroyed by war) to the west and Nantun (present-day Bayantohai Town) to the south. Under Hulunbuir’s influence, the surrounding grasslands flourished, transforming into a bustling region of trade and culture. The city remains a symbol of the Qing Dynasty’s efforts to develop and protect China’s northern frontier, while its historical revival offers visitors a glimpse into the past.
Basic Information
| Estimated Length of Tour | 1 – 2 hours |
| Ticket Price | Free |
| Opening Hours | 24 hours a day throughout the year |
Location and Transportation
Hulunbuir Ancient City is located in the heart of Hailar District, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, at the intersection of Yuying Road and South Central Road, about 180 meters east of the crossroads. It is easily accessible by taxi or a short walk from various points within the district.
